The intervertebral disc is a component of your spinal column located between the vertebra.  Each disc has a gel-type center called the nucleus puposus that is surrounded by a dense network of fibers that restrict movement of the gel.  The outer network is termed the annulus fibrosis.  It is in the region of these annular fibers where all disc injuries begin. 

The functions of the disc are to facilitate spinal movement, absorb the shock of impact and separate the vertebra.  A disc injury is often associated with trauma.   However, more commonly, there is a gradual tearing of the annular fibers and subsequent migration of the nucleus into the torn area.    This can be extremely painful, and accompanied by arm or leg symptoms.   Disc lesions range from mild to severe.  Disc lesions can be referred to as bulging, protrusions, herniation, or prolapse.  The MRI image below clearly shows disc material extending behind the back of the vertebra.  The "bubble" is a herniation.   Click here for treatment options